There are two main types of coffee beans: Arabica and Robusta.
Arabica accounts for 60% of the world's coffee, while Robusta accounts for around 40%.
Arabica can be grown in cool climates at altitudes above 1,000 meters, while Robusta can be grown in hot, humid conditions at lower altitudes.
Arabica has a rich acidity, aroma, and sweetness, while Robusta has a strong bitter and astringent taste and can sometimes have an earthy flavor.
Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, etc. use Arabica, while Vietnam and Indonesia use Robusta.
Arabica has a caffeine content of 1-1.5%, while Robusta has twice that, at 2-3%.
Arabica is less resistant to pests, while Robusta is more resistant.
Arabica is more expensive, while Robusta is cheaper. For this reason, Arabica coffee is often blended with Robusta coffee.
This is because, while it is desirable to produce a rich sweetness and acidity, blending with the cheaper Robusta allows for a secure volume at low cost.
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