Brazil faced a coffee surplus problem in the 1930s.
The Great Depression of 1929 caused a dramatic decline in the global economy and demand for coffee.
Consumers around the world had less money to spend on non-essential goods.
International trade contracted sharply, making it difficult to export Brazilian coffee.
Brazil had dramatically expanded its coffee production in the 1920s, a time when prices were high and demand was strong.
By the time the depression hit, the country had large plantations producing far more coffee than the global market could absorb.

Nestlé, a major coffee bean trader in Vietnam, was originally founded in Switzerland by Henri Nestlé, a native of Frankfurt, Germany.
He was originally a pharmacist, but in the 1860s, infant malnutrition and mortality were becoming serious problems. He developed the infant formula "Farine Lacté Nestlé" in an effort to solve these problems.
Nestlé means bird's nest in German, and the bird's nest in the current Nestlé logo comes from his family crest. At the same time, the logo evokes the image of a mother bird protecting her chicks, making it a fitting logo for this product.

Under Vietnam's Doi Moi policy, the Vietnamese government positioned coffee as a major agricultural export.
Robusta was selected for the cultivation plan.
Robusta is resistant to pests and diseases and is cultivated primarily in the central highlands of Dak Lak Province, where the climate and growing conditions are well suited.
Arabica and Robusta

As part of the Doi Moi policy, Vietnam enacted the Foreign Investment Law in 1987.
This allowed foreign companies to establish operations in Vietnam.
Since then, investment by foreign companies in Vietnam has become more active.

While the specialty coffee industry was developing from the 1980s onward, the commodity coffee industry experienced a dramatic rise driven by Vietnamese coffee.
The catalyst for this rise was the slogan of the policy “Đổi Mới,” adopted at the Communist Party Congress of Vietnam in December 1986.
“Đổi Mới,” meaning “renovation,” aimed at introducing a market economy while maintaining the socialist system — a fundamental economic reform.

Since 1996, the BOP, organized by the Specialty Coffee Association of Panama (SCAP), has brought attention to the high quality of Panamanian coffee.
An article by Price Peterson in SCAP describes this situation in the 2000s.
Geisha coffee beans submitted by Price Peterson's Esmeralda farm were sold for a then-record high price of $21 per pound (about 450g).
This was about 10 times the price of the standard high-end coffee at the time.
The Peterson family separated lots into sections of their large farm and submitted the best-flavored ones to BOP.

With the cooperation of SCAA, SCAP successfully hosted the first BOP in 1996.
SCAA provided support in the following areas:
1. Official cupping form (evaluation of 10 criteria, including aroma, acidity, sweetness, clean cup, and balance)
=> *SCAA Score: Specialty Coffee Evaluation Criteria by SCAA 

2. Blind cupping method (compromising farm and lot names to ensure fairness)
3. Judging protocol (re-cupping at each temperature level and standardized scoring)
Training of local cuppers

After the founding of the Specialty Coffee Association of Panama (SCAP), producers in the Boquete and Volcán regions of Panama, with the cooperation of the Specialty Coffee Association of the Americas (SCAA), began a movement to create a system for having their country's coffee evaluated using international cupping standards.

Then, with the cooperation of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Panama Tourism Board, the first Best of Panama (BOP) coffee quality competition was held in 1996.

Panama is a producer of coffee beans known today as Geisha, a premium specialty coffee.
Coffee production in this country also had deep ties to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA).
In 1989, the ICO price agreement collapsed, causing coffee prices to fall in producing countries.
For example, in Panama, the price was US$1.20 per pound (approximately 450g), but after the price collapse, it is said to have fallen to US$0.74.

With the establishment of the SCAA in the United States, evaluation standards were established to define whether a coffee is specialty.

 1. Fragrance: The aroma of the coffee grounds and the liquid. 

2. Flavor: Evaluation upon sipping the liquid. 

3. Aftertaste: Lingering aftertaste after swallowing. 

4. Acidity: Pleasant brightness and juiciness. 

5. Body: Texture and weight on the tongue. 

6. Balance: Harmony of all elements.